The Gaia Benchmark Stars are reference stars selected for calibration and validation of parameters for spectroscopic studies. The advantage of studying this particular set of stars is that their effective temperatures and logg are determined from their angular diameters, bolometric fluxes, and distances. Thus, they do not depend on spectroscopy. These stars, with fundamental parameters, are ideal for the calibration of large surveys and for understanding important corrections in spectroscopic analysis, such as 3D and NLTE effects.
